alpha.tex

+\annex{Alphabetic list of words} % F (informative annex)}}}
+\label{annex:index}
+
+In the following list, the last, four-digit, part of the reference
+number establishes a sequence corresponding to the alphabetic ordering
+of all standard words. The first two or three parts indicate the word
+set and glossary section in which the word is defined.
+
+~\par
+\makeatletter
+
+% \indexentry{section}{number}{sub}{name}{wordset}{ext}{proposal}{label}[english]
+
+\newcommand{\indexentry}{
+	\@starfalse
+	\@ifnextchar*{\alpha@star}{\alpha@entry}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\alpha@star}[1]{
+	\@startrue
+	\alpha@entry
+}
+
+\newlength{\alpha@length}
+\ifshowref
+	\setlength{\alpha@length}{0.2\textwidth}
+\else
+	\setlength{\alpha@length}{0.3\textwidth}
+\fi
+
+\newcommand{\alpha@entry}[9]{%
+	\def\Prop{#7}
+	%
+	% Enable the change bar for * words
+	%
+	\if@star\cbstart\fi%
+	%
+	% Word Number - Hyper linked to its definition
+	%
+	\def\Tmp{#2}%
+	\makebox[5em][r]{\hyperref{}{#5}{#8}{%
+		#1.\ifx\Tmp\empty\rule[.8ex]{2em}{.5pt}\else
+			\ifx\Prop\empty #2\else\uline{#2}\fi
+		\fi}}%
+	%
+	% The word sub-number
+	%
+	\def\Tmp{#3}% {12}%
+	\makebox[2em][l]{%
+		\ifx\Tmp\empty\else\hyperref{}{#5}{#8}{%
+			\ifx\Prop\empty .#3\else\uline{.#3}\fi
+		}\fi}
+	%
+	% Standard Extension Proposal
+	%
+%	\ifdraft
+		\def\Tmp{#7}%
+		\ifx\Tmp\empty\else
+			\marginpar{\textsf{\sout{\tiny #7}}}
+		\fi%
+%	\fi%
+	%
+	% Word Label - If we are showing reference
+	%
+	\ifshowref
+		\makebox[6em]{%
+			\def\Tmpa{#8}%
+			\def\Tmpb{#4}%
+			\ifx\Tmpa\Tmpb\else\texttt{\small #8}\fi
+		}%
+	\fi%
+	%
+	% Word Name - Hyperlinked to its definition
+	%
+	\makebox[\alpha@length][l]{%
+		\hyperref{}{#5}{#8}{\textbf{\texttt{#4}}}
+		\quad
+		\dotfill
+	}%
+	%
+	% English Pronunciation (if given)
+	%
+	\def\Tmp{#9}%
+	\ifx\Tmp\empty ~\else ``#9''\fi
+	\dotfill%
+	%
+	% Word list
+	%
+	\MakeUppercase{#5}%
+	\def\Tmp{#6}%
+	\ifx\Tmp\empty\else ~EXT\fi
+	%
+	% Page reference
+	%
+	\makebox[3em]{\dotfill\pageref{#5:#8}}%
+	%
+	% Disable the change bar
+	%
+	\if@star\cbend\fi%
+	\@starfalse
+	%
+	% End of line - \par is need to flush the marginpar
+	%
+	\par
+}
+
+\makeatother
+
+\begingroup
+\parskip=0pt
+\IfFileExists{\jobname.wds}{
+	\input{\jobname.wds}
+}{
+	\IfFileExists{\jobname.wrd}{
+		\begin{center}
+			\textbf{Unsorted List}
+		\end{center}
+		\input{\jobname.wrd}
+	}{
+		File not found !
+	}
+}
+\endgroup

doc.tex

+\chapter{Documentation requirements}
+\label{doc}
+
+When it is impossible or infeasible for a system or program to
+define a particular behavior itself, it is permissible to state
+that the behavior is unspecifiable and to explain the circumstances
+and reasons why this is so.
+
+\section{System documentation} % 4.1
+\label{doc:system}
+
+\subsection{Implementation-defined options} % 4.1.1
+
+The implementation-defined items in the following list represent
+characteristics and choices left to the discretion of the
+implementor, provided that the requirements of this Standard are
+met. A system shall document the values for, or behaviors of, each
+item.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item aligned address requirements \xref[Addresses]{usage:addr};
+
+\item behavior of \wref{core:EMIT}{EMIT} for non-graphic characters;
+
+\item character editing of \wref{core:ACCEPT}{ACCEPT};
+
+\item character set (\xref[Character types]{usage:char},
+	\wref{core:EMIT}{EMIT}, \wref{core:KEY}{KEY});
+
+\item character-aligned address requirements
+	(\xref[Addresses]{usage:addr});
+
+\item character-set-extensions matching characteristics
+	(\xref[Finding definition names]{usage:find});
+
+\item conditions under which control characters match a space
+	delimiter (\xref[Delimiters]{usage:delim});
+
+\item format of the control-flow stack
+	(\xref[Control-flow stack]{usage:controlstack});
+
+\item conversion of digits larger than thirty-five
+	(\xref[Digit conversion]{usage:digits});
+
+\item display after input terminates in \wref{core:ACCEPT}{ACCEPT};
+
+\item exception abort sequence (as in \wref{core:ABORTq}{ABORT"});
+
+\item input line terminator (\xref[User input device]{usage:input});
+
+\item maximum size of a counted string, in characters
+	(\xref[Counted strings]{usage:cstring}, \wref{core:WORD}{WORD});
+
+\item maximum size of a parsed string
+	(\xref[Parsing]{usage:parsing});
+
+\item maximum size of a definition name, in characters
+	(\xref[Definition names]{usage:names});
+
+\item maximum string length for
+	\wref{core:ENVIRONMENTq}{ENVIRONMENT?}, in characters;
+
+\item method of selecting \xref[User input device]{usage:input};
+
+\item method of selecting \xref[User output device]{usage:output};
+
+\item methods of dictionary compilation
+	(\xref[The Forth dictionary]{usage:dict});
+
+\item number of bits in one address unit
+	(\xref[Addresses]{usage:addr});
+
+\item number representation and arithmetic
+	(\xref[Internal number representation]{usage:number});
+
+\item ranges for \param{n}, \param{+n}, \param{u}, \param{d},
+	\param{+d}, and \param{ud}
+	(\xref[Single-cell types]{usage:cell},
+	 \xref[Cell-pair types]{usage:2cell});
+
+\item read-only data-space regions
+	(\xref[Data space]{usage:dataspace});
+
+\item size of buffer at \wref{core:WORD}{WORD}
+	(\xref[Other transient regions]{usage:transient});
+
+\item size of one cell in address units
+	(\xref[Single-cell types]{usage:cell});
+
+\item size of one character in address units
+	(\xref[Character types]{usage:char});
+
+\item size of the keyboard terminal input buffer
+	(\xref[Input buffers]{usage:inbuf});
+
+\item size of the pictured numeric output string buffer 
+	(\xref[Other transient regions]{usage:transient});
+
+\item size of the scratch area whose address is returned by
+	\wref{core:PAD}{PAD} \\
+	(\xref[Other transient regions]{usage:transient});
+
+\item system case-sensitivity characteristics
+	(\xref[Finding definition names]{usage:find});
+
+\item system prompt (\xref[The Forth text interpreter]{usage:dict},
+	\wref{core:QUIT}{QUIT});
+
+\item type of division rounding (\xref[Integer division]{usage:div},
+	\wref{core:*/}{*/}, \wref{core:*/MOD}{*/MOD}, \wref{core:/}{/},
+	\wref{core:/MOD}{/MOD}, \wref{core:MOD}{MOD});
+
+\item values of \wref{core:STATE}{STATE} when true;
+
+\item values returned after arithmetic overflow
+	(\xref[Other integer operations]{usage:intops});
+
+\item whether the current definition can be found after
+	\wref{core:DOES}{DOES>} (\wref{core::}{:}).
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+
+\subsection{Ambiguous conditions} % 4.1.2 ===========================
+\label{doc:ambiguous}
+
+A system shall document the system action taken upon each of the
+general or specific ambiguous conditions identified in this
+Standard. See \xref[Possible actions on an ambiguous condition]{usage:ambiguous}.
+
+The following general ambiguous conditions could occur because of a
+combination of factors:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item a \emph{name} is neither a valid definition name nor a valid
+	number during text interpretation (\xref[The Forth text
+	interpreter]{usage:command});
+
+\item a definition name exceeded the maximum length allowed
+	(\xref[Definition names]{usage:names});
+
+\item addressing a region not listed in \xref[Data Space]{usage:dataspace};
+
+\item argument type incompatible with specified input parameter,
+	e.g., passing a \emph{flag} to a word expecting an \emph{n}
+	(\xref[Data types]{usage:data});
+
+\item attempting to obtain the execution token, (e.g., with
+	\wref{core:'}{'}, \wref{core:FIND}{FIND}, etc. of a definition
+	with undefined interpretation semantics;
+
+\item dividing by zero
+	(\wref{core:*/}{*/},
+	 \wref{core:*/MOD}{*/MOD},
+	 \wref{core:/}{/},
+	 \wref{core:/MOD}{/MOD},
+	 \wref{core:FM/MOD}{FM/MOD},
+	 \wref{core:MOD}{MOD},
+	 \wref{core:SM/REM}{SM/REM},
+	 \wref{core:UM/MOD}{UM/MOD},
+	 \wref{double:M*/}{M*/});
+
+\item insufficient data-stack space or return-stack space (stack
+	overflow);
+
+\item insufficient space for loop-control parameters;
+
+\item insufficient space in the dictionary;
+
+\item interpretating a word with undefined interpretation semantics;
+
+\item modifying the contents of the input buffer or a string literal
+	(\xref[Text-literal regions]{usage:"literal},
+	\xref[Input buffers]{usage:inbuf});
+
+\item overflow of a pictured numeric output string;
+
+\item parsed string overflow;
+
+\item producing a result out of range, e.g., multiplication
+	(using \word{*}) results in a value too big to be represented by
+	a single-cell integer
+	(\wref{core:*}{*},
+	 \wref{core:*/}{*/},
+	 \wref{core:*/MOD}{*/MOD},
+	 \wref{core:toNUMBER}{>NUMBER},
+	 \wref{core:FM/MOD}{FM/MOD},
+	 \wref{core:SM/REM}{SM/REM},
+	 \wref{core:UM/MOD}{UM/MOD},
+	 \wref{double:M*/}{M*/});
+
+\item reading from an empty data stack or return stack
+	(stack underflow);
+
+\item unexpected end of input buffer, resulting in an attempt to
+	use a zero-length string as a \emph{name};
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+The following specific ambiguous conditions are noted in the
+glossary entries of the relevant words:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item \word{toIN} greater than size of input buffer
+	(\xref[Parsing]{usage:parsing});
+
+\item \wref{core:RECURSE}{RECURSE} appears after
+	\wref{core:DOES}{DOES>};
+
+\item argument input source different than current input source for
+	\wref{core:RESTORE-INPUT}{RESTORE-INPUT};
+
+\item data space containing definitions is de-allocated
+	(\xref[Contiguous regions]{usage:contiguous});
+
+\item data space read/write with incorrect alignment
+	(\xref[Address alignment]{usage:aaddr});
+
+\item data-space pointer not properly aligned
+	(\wref{core:,}{,}, \wref{core:C,}{C,});
+
+\item less than \param{u}+2 stack items (\wref{core:PICK}{PICK},
+	\wref{core:ROLL}{ROLL});
+
+\item loop-control parameters not available
+	(\wref{core:+LOOP}{+LOOP},
+	 \wref{core:I}{I},
+	 \wref{core:J}{J},
+	 \wref{core:LEAVE}{LEAVE},
+	 \wref{core:LOOP}{LOOP},
+	 \wref{core:UNLOOP}{UNLOOP});
+
+\item most recent definition does not have a \emph{name}
+	(\wref{core:IMMEDIATE}{IMMEDIATE});
+
+\item \wref{core:TO}{TO} not followed directly by a \emph{name}
+	defined by a word with ``\word{TO} \emph{name} runtime''
+	semantics (\wref{core:VALUE}{VALUE} and
+	\wref{local:LOCAL}{(LOCAL)});
+
+\item \emph{name} not found \wref{core:'}{'},
+	\wref{core:POSTPONE}{POSTPONE}, \wref{core:[']}{[']},
+	\wref{core:[COMPILE]}{[COMPILE]});
+
+\item parameters are not of the same type \wref{core:DO}{DO},
+	\wref{core:qDO}{?DO}, \wref{core:WITHIN}{WITHIN});
+
+\item \wref{core:POSTPONE}{POSTPONE},
+	\wref{core:[COMPILE]}{[COMPILE]},
+	\wref{core:'}{'} or
+	\wref{core:[']}{[']} applied to \wref{core:TO}{TO};
+
+\item string longer than a counted string returned by
+	\wref{core:WORD}{WORD};
+
+\item $u$ greater than or equal to the number of bits in a cell
+	(\wref{core:LSHIFT}{LSHIFT}, \wref{core:RSHIFT}{RSHIFT});
+
+\item word not defined via \wref{core:CREATE}{CREATE}
+	(\wref{core:toBODY}{>BODY}, \wref{core:DOES}{DOES>});
+
+\item words improperly used outside
+	\wref{core:num-start}{<\num} and \wref{core:num-end}{\num>}
+	(\wref{core:num}{\num}, \wref{core:numS}{\num{}S},
+	 \wref{core:HOLD}{HOLD},
+	 \wref{core:HOLDS}{},
+	 \wref{core:SIGN}{SIGN}).
+\end{itemize}
+
+\remove{x:rc0}{The following specific ambiguous conditions are have been introduced
+	as a consequence of specific extensions.}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\textsf{X:deferred}\strike{2.5}{45}]\cbstart~\cbend
+
+% ==== X:Deferred ====
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item access to a deferred word, a word defined by \wref{core:DEFER}{DEFER},
+	which has yet to be assigned to an \param{xt}.
+
+\item access to a deferred word, a word defined by \wref{core:DEFER}{DEFER},
+	which was not defined by \wref{core:DEFER}{DEFER}.
+
+\item \wref{core:POSTPONE}{POSTPONE}, \wref{core:[COMPILE]}{[COMPILE]},
+	\wref{core:[']}{[']} or \wref{core:'}{'} applied to \wref{core:ACTION-OF}{ACTION-OF}
+	or \wref{core:IS}{IS}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+% ==== X: Escaped Strings ====
+
+\item[\textsf{X:escaped-strings}\strike{2.5}{80}]\cbstart~\cbend
+
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item \bs{x} is not followed by two hexadecimal characters (\wref{core:Seq}{}).
+	\item a \bs{} is placed before any character, other than those defined in
+		\wref{core:Seq}{}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+	\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Other system documentation} % 4.1.3
+
+A system shall provide the following information:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item list of non-standard words using \wref{core:PAD}{PAD}
+	(\xref[Other transient regions]{usage:transient});
+
+\item operator's terminal facilities available;
+
+\item program data space available, in address units;
+
+\item return stack space available, in cells;
+
+\item stack space available, in cells;
+
+\item system dictionary space required, in address units.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+
+\section{Program documentation} % 4.2 ===============================
+\label{doc:program}
+
+\subsection{Environmental dependencies} % 4.2.1
+\label{doc:env}
+
+A program shall document the following environmental dependencies,
+where they apply, and should document other known environmental
+dependencies:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item considering the pictured numeric output string buffer a fixed
+	area with unchanging access parameters
+	(\xref[Other transient regions]{usage:transient});
+
+\item depending on the presence or absence of non-graphic characters
+	in a received string (\wref{core:ACCEPT}{ACCEPT});
+
+\item relying on a particular rounding direction
+	(\xref[Integer division]{usage:div});
+
+\item requiring a particular number representation and arithmetic \\
+	(\xref[Internal number representation]{usage:number});
+
+\item requiring non-standard words or techniques
+	(\xref[Usage requirements]{usage});
+
+\item requiring the ability to send or receive control characters
+	(\xref[Control characters]{usage:control},
+	\wref{core:KEY}{KEY});
+
+\item using control characters to perform specific functions
+	\wref{core:EMIT}{EMIT}, \wref{core:TYPE}{TYPE});
+
+\item using flags as arithmetic operands
+	(\xref[Flags]{usage:flags});
+
+\item using lower case for standard definition names or depending
+	on the case sensitivity of a system
+	(\xref[Definition names]{usage:names});
+
+\item using definition names of more than 31 characters in length
+	(\xref{usage:names});
+
+\item using the graphic character with a value of hex 24
+	(\xref[Graphic characters]{usage:ASCII}).
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Other program documentation} % 4.2.2
+
+A program shall also document:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item minimum operator's terminal facilities required;
+
+\item whether a Standard System exists after the program is loaded.
+
+\end{itemize}

history.sty

+% history package
+%
+% Actually it should be called changes but that is already used by
+% the docstrip system.
+%
+% This is a first draft of a change history package and is not
+% ready for public distribution. It is provided on an "as you find
+% it" basis, and no support is offered.
+%
+% The code has been developed by Dr. Peter Knaggs.
+%
+% 0.1 PjK	Original Code
+% 0.2 PjK	Complete rewrite of original code
+%			Introducing \@history@test
+% 0.3 PjK	Added History Log
+% 0.4 PjK	\@history@test now useable in inner paragraphs
+%			Fixed problem with \openhistory
+%			Added silent labelling on same page (\@history@label)
+
+\def\fileversion{0.4}
+\def\filedate{04 Aug 2007 17:08:00 BST}
+\def\filename{history.sty}
+\def\Copyright{Copyright (C) 2007 Peter Knaggs,
+  University of Bournemouth, England}
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/06/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{history}[2007/08/04]
+
+\typeout{Package `history' <\filedate>.}
+\typeout{\Copyright}
+
+\newif\if@history@final
+\DeclareOption{final}{\@history@finaltrue}
+\DeclareOption{draft}{\@history@finalfalse}
+
+\ExecuteOptions{draft}
+\ProcessOptions
+
+
+\RequirePackage[outerbars]{changebar}[2004/02/20]
+\setlength{\changebarwidth}{1pt}
+
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}[2000/05/26]
+
+
+% Define a file to record the changes / history
+\newwrite\@history@file
+\newif\if@history@open
+\@history@openfalse
+
+\newcommand{\openhistory}[1][\jobname.hst]{%
+	\if@history@open
+		\immediate\closeout\@history@file
+	\fi
+	\immediate\openout\@history@file=#1
+	\@history@opentrue
+	\typeout{Writing Change History to #1}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\closehistory}{%
+	\if@history@open
+		\immediate\closeout\@history@file
+		\@history@openfalse
+	\fi
+}
+
+
+% Define a list of accepted changes
+\def\@history@accepted{}
+\def\accept#1{\edef\@history@accepted{\zap@space#1 \@empty,\@history@accepted}}
+\@onlypreamble\accept
+
+% Define a list of rejected changes
+\def\@history@rejected{}
+\def\reject#1{\edef\@history@rejected{\zap@space#1 \@empty,\@history@rejected}}
+\@onlypreamble\reject
+
+
+\newcommand{\listaccepted}{%
+	\@for\temp@a:=\@history@accepted\do{\temp@a }
+}
+
+\newcommand{\listrejected}{%
+	\@for\temp@a:=\@history@rejected\do{\temp@a }
+}
+
+
+\newcommand{\@history@nolabel}{\@latex@error
+	{Change on line \the\inputlineno\space has no label}
+	{Give the damn thing a label.}%
+}
+
+\newcommand{\@history@review}{\@latex@error
+	{The change \temp@a\space is neither accepted or rejected}
+	{Add the change label to either the \noexpand\accept or \noexpand\reject list.}%
+}
+
+
+% The \@history@label macro is used to hold the last displayed label.
+% It is used to control the printing of the change label in the margin
+% note.
+
+\def\@history@label{}
+
+% The \@history@test macro is the work horse of this package. It take
+% a number of parameters as follows:
+%
+% label:	The label of a change (may be left blank)
+% accept:	The Latex code required to typeset the change if it has been
+%			accepted
+% reject:	The LaTeX code for typesetting the change if it was rejected
+% review:	The code to typeset a change under review
+%
+% log:		the log entry text
+%
+% If the label is blank a warning will be produced.
+
+\newif\if@tempswb
+
+\newcommand{\@history@test}[5]{% {label}{accept}{reject}{review}{log}
+	\edef\temp@a{#1}% Remember the change label
+	\@tempswatrue	% Change Processed
+	\@tempswbfalse	% Don't Log the change
+%
+	\ifx\temp@a\empty % The label is empty
+		\if@history@final
+			\@history@nolabel
+		\fi
+		\def\temp@a{noname}%
+	\fi
+%
+% Change is accepted
+%
+	\@for\temp@b:=\@history@accepted\do
+		{\ifx\temp@a\temp@b
+			\@tempswafalse	% Change shown
+			\@tempswbtrue	% Log the change
+			{#2}%			% Show the accepted text
+		\fi}%
+%
+% Change is rejected
+%
+	\@for\temp@b:=\@history@rejected\do
+		{\ifx\temp@a\temp@b
+			\@tempswafalse	% Change Shown
+			{#3}%			% Show the rejected text
+		\fi}%
+%
+% Neither Accepted or Rejected, so must be in review
+%
+	\if@tempswa
+		\if@history@final
+			% Review in a Final revision - Something wrong with this
+			\@history@review
+		\fi
+		\@tempswbtrue% Log the review
+		\ifinner\@tempswatrue\else\@tempswafalse\fi
+		\cbstart% Start the change bar
+			\if@tempswa
+				% We are in an inner paragraph
+				% Fix the extra vspace \cbstart puts in for us.
+				\vspace*{-0.5\baselineskip}%
+			\fi%
+			{#4}% Output the change text
+			\if@tempswa
+				% Margin par is not allowed in an inner paragraph
+			\else
+				% Make up the last displayed label, on this page
+				\edef\temp@b{\thepage.\temp@a}
+				% Have we seen this label before?
+				\ifx\temp@b\@history@label
+					% Yes - then ignore the label
+				\else
+					% No - Must be a either a new label, or the
+					% first label on this page. Output the label
+					\marginpar{\tiny\temp@a{\color{white}c:b}}
+					% Remember the label for next time.
+					\edef\@history@label{\temp@b}
+				\fi
+			\fi
+		\cbend% Make the end of the Change bar
+	\fi
+%
+% Write a log entry
+%
+	\if@history@open
+		\if@tempswb
+			\immediate\write\@history@file{%
+				\string\@historylog@%
+				{\temp@a}%		Change Label
+				{\thepage}%		Page Number
+				{\@currentlabel}%
+				#5%				Log entry
+			}%
+		\fi
+	\fi
+}
+
+
+\newcommand{\place}[2]{% {label}{text}
+	\@history@test%
+	{#1}%			Change Label
+	{#2}%			Accepted text
+	{}%				Rejected text
+	{\uline{#2}}%	Review text
+	{place{#2}}%	Log text
+}
+
+\newcommand{\remove}[2]{% {label}{text}
+	\@history@test%
+	{#1}%			Change Label
+	{}%				Accepted text
+	{#2}%			Rejected text
+	{\sout{#2}}%	Review text
+	{remove{#2}}%	Log text
+}
+
+\newcommand{\replace}[3]{% {label}{old}{new}
+	\@history@test%
+	{#1}%					Change Label
+	{#3}%					Accepted text
+	{#2}%					Rejected text
+	{\sout{#2}\uline{#3}}%	Review text
+	{replace{#2}{#3}}%		Log text
+}

intro.tex

+{\Large\bfseries
+American National Standard for Information Systems --- \\[2pt]
+Programming Language --- \\[2pt]
+Forth
+}
+
+\chapter{Introduction}
+
+\section{Purpose}
+The purpose of this Standard is to promote the portability of Forth
+programs for use on a wide variety of computing systems, to facilitate
+the communication of programs, programming techniques, and ideas among
+Forth programmers, and to serve as a basis for the future evolution of
+the Forth language.
+
+\section{Scope}
+This Standard specifies an interface between a Forth System and a
+Forth Program by defining the words provided by a Standard System.
+
+\subsection{Inclusions}
+This Standard specifies:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item the forms that a program written in the Forth language may take;
+\item the rules for interpreting the meaning of a program and its data.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Exclusions} % 1.2.2
+\label{intro:exclusions}
+
+This Standard does not specify:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item the mechanism by which programs are transformed for use on
+	computing systems;
+\item the operations required for setup and control of the use of
+	programs on computing systems;
+\item the method of transcription of programs or their input or
+	output data to or from a storage medium;
+\item the program and Forth system behavior when the rules of this
+	Standard fail to establish an interpretation;
+\item the size or complexity of a program and its data that will
+	exceed the capacity of any specific computing system or the
+	capability of a particular Forth system;
+\item the physical properties of input/output records, files, and units;
+\item the physical properties and implementation of storage.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Document organization}
+
+\subsection{Word sets}
+This Standard groups Forth words and capabilities into \emph{word sets}
+under a name indicating some shared aspect, typically their common
+functional area. Each word set may have an extension, containing words
+that offer additional functionality. These words are not required in an
+implementation of the word set.
+
+The ``Core'' word set, defined in sections 1 through 6, contains the
+required words and capabilities of a Standard System. The other word
+sets, defined in sections \ref{wordlist:block} through
+\ref{wordlist:string}, are optional, making it possible to provide
+Standard Systems with tailored levels of functionality.
+
+\subsubsection{Text sections}
+
+Within each word set, section 1 contains introductory and explanatory
+material and section 2 introduces terms and notation used throughout
+the Standard. There are no requirements in these sections.
+
+Sections 3 and 4 contain the usage and documentation requirements,
+respectively, for Standard Systems and Programs, while section 5
+specifies their labeling.
+
+\subsubsection{Glossary sections}
+
+Section 6 of each word set specifies the required behavior of the
+definitions in the word set and the extensions word set.
+
+\subsection{Annexes}
+
+The annexes do not contain any required material.
+
+Annex \ref{annex:rationale} provides some of the rationale behind the
+committee's decisions in creating this Standard, as well as
+implementation examples. It has the same section numbering as the
+body of the Standard to make it easy to relate each requirements
+section to its rationale section.
+
+Annex \ref{annex:bib} is a short bibliography on Forth.
+
+Annex \ref{annex:intro} provides an introduction to Forth.
+
+Annex \ref{annex:diff} discusses the compatibility of ANS Forth
+with earlier Forths, emphasizing the differences from Forth 83.
+
+Annex \ref{annex:port} presents some techniques for writing portable
+programs in ANS Forth.
+
+\remove{x:rc0}{%
+Annex \ref{annex:test} presents a test suite to test the operation
+of a system complies with the definitions documented in this
+standard.}
+
+Annex \ref{annex:index} includes the words from all word sets in a
+single list, and serves as an index of ANS Forth words.
+
+\section{Future directions}
+
+\subsection{New technology}
+
+This Standard adopts certain words and practices that are
+increasingly found in common practice. New words have also
+been adopted to ease creation of portable programs.
+
+\subsection{Obsolescent features}
+\label{intro:obsoleat}
+
+This Standard adopts certain words and practices that cause
+some previously used words and practices to become obsolescent.
+Although retained here because of their widespread use, their
+use in new implementations or new programs is discouraged,
+as they may be withdrawn from future revisions of the Standard.
+
+This Standard designates the following word as obsolescent:
+
+\setwordlist{core}
+\begin{tabular}{rl@{\qquad}rl@{\qquad}rl}
+	\ref{tools:FORGET}	& \word[tools]{FORGET}	\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+This standard designates the following practice as obsolescent:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Requiring floating-point numbers to be kept on the data stack.
+	(This has always been an environmental dependency.)
+
+\item Using \word{ENVIRONMENTq} to enquire whether a word set is present.
+\end{itemize}

notation.tex

+\chapter{Terms, notation, and references}
+
+The phrase ``See:'' is used throughout this Standard to direct the
+reader to other sections of the Standard that have a direct bearing
+on the current section.
+
+In this Standard, ``shall'' states a requirement on a system or
+program; conversely, ``shall not'' is a prohibition; ``need not''
+means ``is not required to''; ``should'' describes a recommendation
+of the Standard; and ``may'', depending on context, means ``is allowed
+to'' or ``might happen''.
+
+Throughout the Standard, typefaces are used in the following manner:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item This proportional serif typeface is used for text, with
+	\textit{italic} used for symbols and the first appearance of new
+	terms;
+\item A bold proportional sans-serif typeface is used for
+	\textbf{headings};
+\item A bold monospaced serif typeface is used for Forth-language
+	\textbf{\texttt{text}}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Definitions of terms}
+\label{notation:terms}
+
+Terms defined in this section are used generally throughout this
+Standard. Additional terms specific to individual word sets are
+defined in those word sets. Other terms are defined at their first
+appearance, indicated by italic type. Terms not defined in this
+Standard are to be construed according to the \emph{Dictionary for
+Information Systems,} ANSI X3.172-1990.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[address unit:]
+Depending on context, either
+1) the units into which a Forth address space is divided for the
+	purposes of locating data objects such as characters and variables;
+2) the physical memory storage elements corresponding to those units;
+3) the contents of such a memory storage element; or
+4) the units in which the length of a region of memory is expressed.
+
+\item[aligned address:]
+	The address of a memory location at which a character, cell, cell
+	pair, or double-cell integer can be accessed.
+
+\item[ambiguous condition:]
+	A circumstance for which this Standard does not prescribe a
+	specific behavior for Forth systems and programs.
+
+	Ambiguous conditions include such things as the absence of a needed
+	delimiter while parsing, attempted access to a nonexistent file, or
+	attempted use of a nonexistent word. An ambiguous condition also
+	exists when a Standard word is passed values that are improper or
+	out of range.
+
+\item[cell:]
+	The primary unit of information in the architecture of a Forth
+	system.
+
+\item[cell pair:]
+	Two cells that are treated as a single unit.
+
+\item[character:]
+	Depending on context, either
+	1) a storage unit capable of holding a character; or
+	2) a member of a character set.
+
+\item[character-aligned address:]
+	The address of a memory location at which a character can be
+	accessed.
+
+\item[character string:]
+	Data space that is associated with a sequence of consecutive
+	character-aligned addresses. Character strings usually contain
+	text. Unless otherwise indicated, the term ``string'' means
+	``character string''.
+
+\item[code space:]
+	The logical area of the dictionary in which word semantics are
+	implemented.
+
+\item[compile:]
+	To transform source code into dictionary definitions.
+
+\item[compilation semantics:]
+	The behavior of a Forth definition when its name is encountered
+	by the text interpreter in compilation state.
+
+\item[counted string:]
+	A data structure consisting of one character containing a length
+	followed by zero or more contiguous data characters. Normally,
+	counted strings contain text.
+
+\item[cross compiler:]
+	A system that compiles a program for later execution in an
+	environment that may be physically and logically different
+	from the compiling environment. In a cross compiler, the term
+	``host'' applies to the compiling environment, and the term
+	``target'' applies to the run-time environment.
+
+\item[current definition:]
+	The definition whose compilation has been started but not yet ended.
+
+\item[data field:]
+	The data space associated with a word defined via \word{CREATE}.
+
+\item[data space:]
+	The logical area of the dictionary that can be accessed.
+
+\item[data-space pointer:]
+	The address of the next available data space location, i.e., the
+	value returned by \word{HERE}.
+
+\item[data stack:]
+	A stack that may be used for passing parameters between
+	definitions. When there is no possibility of confusion, the
+	data stack is referred to as ``the stack''. Contrast with
+	\textbf{return stack}.
+
+\item[data type:]
+	Tn identifier for the set of values that a data object may have.
+
+\item[defining word:]
+	A Forth word that creates a new definition when executed.
+
+\item[definition:]
+	A Forth execution procedure compiled into the dictionary.
+
+\item[dictionary:]
+	An extensible structure that contains definitions and
+	associated data space.
+
+\item[display:]
+	To send one or more characters to the user output device.
+
+\item[environmental dependencies:]
+	A program's implicit assumptions about a Forth system's
+	implementation options or underlying hardware. For example,
+	a program that assumes a cell size greater than 16 bits is
+	said to have an environmental dependency.
+
+\item[execution semantics:]
+	The behavior of a Forth definition when it is executed.
+
+\item[execution token:]
+	A value that identifies the execution semantics of a definition.
+
+\item[find:]
+	To search the dictionary for a definition name matching a given
+	string.
+
+\item[immediate word:]
+	A Forth word whose compilation semantics are to perform its
+	execution semantics.
+
+\item[implementation defined:]
+	Denotes system behaviors or features that must be provided and
+	documented by a system but whose further details are not prescribed
+	by this Standard.
+
+\item[implementation dependent:]
+	Denotes system behaviors or features that must be provided by a
+	system but whose further details are not prescribed by this Standard.
+
+\item[input buffer:]
+	A region of memory containing the sequence of characters from the
+	input source that is currently accessible to a program.
+
+\item[input source:]
+	The device, file, block, or other entity that supplies characters
+	to refill the input buffer.
+
+\item[input source specification:]
+	A set of information describing a particular state of the input
+	source, input buffer, and parse area. This information is
+	sufficient, when saved and restored properly, to enable the nesting
+	of parsing operations on the same or different input sources.
+
+\item[interpretation semantics:]
+	The behavior of a Forth definition when its name is encountered
+	by the text interpreter in interpretation state.
+
+\item[keyboard event:]
+	A value received by the system denoting a user action at the user
+	input device. The term ``keyboard'' in this document does not
+	exclude other types of user input devices.
+
+\item[line:]
+	A sequence of characters followed by an actual or implied line
+	terminator.
+
+\item[name space:]
+	The logical area of the dictionary in which definition names are
+	stored.
+
+\item[number:]
+	In this Standard, ``number'' used without other qualification means
+	``integer''. Similarly, ``double number'' means ``double-cell
+	integer''.
+
+\item[parse:]
+	To select and exclude a character string from the parse area using
+	a specified set of delimiting characters, called delimiters.
+
+\item[parse area:]
+	The portion of the input buffer that has not yet been parsed, and
+	is thus available to the system for subsequent processing by the
+	text interpreter and other parsing operations.
+
+\item[pictured-numeric output:]
+	A number display format in which the number is converted using
+	Forth words that resemble a symbolic ``picture'' of the desired
+	output.
+
+\item[program:]
+	A complete specification of execution to achieve a specific
+	function (application task) expressed in Forth source code form.
+
+\item[receive:]
+	To obtain characters from the user input device.
+
+\item[return stack:]
+	A stack that may be used for program execution nesting, do-loop
+	execution, temporary storage, and other purposes.
+
+\item[standard word:]
+	A named Forth procedure, formally specified in this Standard.
+
+\item[user input device:]
+	The input device currently selected as the source of received
+	data, typically a keyboard.
+
+\item[user output device:]
+	The output device currently selected as the destination of
+	display data.
+
+\item[variable:]
+	A named region of data space located and accessed by its memory
+	address.
+
+\item[word:]
+	Depending on context, either
+	1) the name of a Forth definition; or
+	2) a parsed sequence of non-space characters,
+	which could be the name of a Forth definition.
+
+\item[word list:]
+	A list of associated Forth definition names that may be examined
+	during a dictionary search.
+
+\item[word set:]
+	A set of Forth definitions grouped together in this Standard
+	under a name indicating some shared aspect, typically their
+	common functional area.
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Notation} % ================================================
+\label{notations}
+
+% ---------- X:enhanced-locals ----------
+\cbstart\patch{x:enhanced-locals}
+\uline{The following notation is used to define the syntax of the external
+representation of numbers:}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \uline{Each component of a number is defined with a rule consisting
+	of the name of the component (italicized in angle-brackets,
+	e.g., \arg{decdigit}), the characters \textsf{:=} and a concatenation
+	of tokens and metacharacters;}
+
+\item \uline{Tokens may be literal characters (in bold face, e.g.,
+	\textbf{E}) or rule names in angle brackets (e.g.,
+	\linebreak \arg{decdigit});}
+
+\item \uline{The metacharacter * is used to specify zero or more occurrences of
+	the preceding token (e.g., \arg{decdigit}*);}
+
+\item \uline{Tokens enclosed with [ and ] are optional (e.g., [\textbf{-}]);}
+
+\item \uline{Vertical bars separate choices from a list of tokens enclosed
+	with braces (e.g., \{ \textbf{0} {\textbar} \textbf{1} \}).}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{list}{}{
+	\setlength{\labelwidth}{1.7em}		% <== Magic number, width of indent
+	\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}
+	\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}
+}
+\item[See:]
+	\xref[3.4.1.3 Text interpreter input number conversion]{usage:numbers},
+	\xref[12.3.7 Text interpreter input number conversion]{float:conv},
+	\wref{floating:toFLOAT}{},
+	\wref{floating:FSd}{FS.} and
+	\wref{local:b:}{}.
+\end{list}
+\cbend
+% --------------------
+
+\subsection{Numeric notation}
+\label{notation:numeric}
+
+Unless otherwise stated, all references to numbers apply to signed
+single-cell integers. The inclusive range of values is shown as
+\textbf{\{\textit{from {\ldots} to}\}}. The allowable range for the
+contents of an address is shown in double braces, particularly for
+the contents of variables,
+e.g., \word{BASE} \textbf{\{\{2 {\ldots} 36\}\}}.
+
+% ---------- X:number-prefix ----------
+\cbstart\patch{x:enhanced-locals}
+\sout{The following notation is used to define the syntax of the external
+representation of numbers:}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \sout{Each component of a number is defined with a rule consisting
+	of the name of the component (italicized in angle-brackets,
+	e.g., \arg{decdigit}), the characters \textsf{:=} and a concatenation
+	of tokens and metacharacters;}
+
+\item \sout{Tokens may be literal characters (in bold face, e.g.,
+	\textbf{E}) or rule names in angle brackets (e.g.,
+	\linebreak \arg{decdigit});}
+
+\item \sout{The metacharacter * is used to specify zero or more occurrences of
+	the preceding token (e.g., \arg{decdigit}*);}
+
+\item \sout{Tokens enclosed with [ and ] are optional (e.g., [\textbf{-}]);}
+
+\item \sout{Vertical bars separate choices from a list of tokens enclosed
+	with braces (e.g., \{ \textbf{0} {\textbar} \textbf{1} \}).}
+\end{itemize}
+\cbend
+% --------------------
+
+\subsection{Stack notation}
+
+Stack parameters input to and output from a definition are described
+using the notation:
+\begin{quote}
+	\stack[stack-id]{before}{after}
+\end{quote}
+
+where \emph{stack-id} specifies which stack is being described,
+\param{before} represents the stack-parameter data types before
+execution of the definition and \param{after} represents them
+after execution. The symbols used in \param{before} and \param{after}
+are shown in table \ref{table:datatypes}.
+
+The control-flow-stack \emph{stack-id} is ``C:'', the data-stack
+\emph{stack-id} is ``S:'', and the return-stack \emph{stack-id}
+is ``R:''. When there is no confusion, the data-stack
+\emph{stack-id} may be omitted.
+
+When there are alternate \param{after} representations, they are
+described by ``\param{after_1 | after_2}''. The top of the stack is
+to the right. Only those stack items required for or provided by
+execution of the definition are shown.
+
+
+\subsection{Parsed-text notation}
+\label{notation:parsed}
+
+If, in addition to using stack parameters, a definition parses text,
+that text is specified by an abbreviation from table \ref{table:syntax},
+shown surrounded by double-quotes and placed between the \param{before}
+parameters and the ``-{}-'' separator in the first stack described, e.g.,
+
+\begin{quote}
+	\stack[S]{before "parsed-text-abbreviation"}{after}
+\end{quote}
+
+\begin{table}[ht]
+  \begin{center}
+	\caption{Parsed text abbreviations}
+	\label{table:syntax}
+	\begin{tabular}{ll}
+	\hline\hline
+	Abbreviation & Description \\
+	\hline
+	\param{<char>}	& the delimiting character marking the end of
+					  the string being parsed \\
+	\param{<chars>}	& zero or more consecutive occurrences of the
+					  character \param{<char>} \\
+	\param{<space>} & a delimiting space character \\
+	\param{<spaces>}& zero or more consecutive occurrences of the
+					  character \param{<space>} \\
+	\param{<quote>}	& a delimiting double quote \\
+	\param{<paren>} & a delimiting right parenthesis \\
+	\param{<eol>}	& an implied delimiter marking the end of a line \\
+	\param{ccc}		& a parsed sequence of arbitrary characters,
+					  excluding the delimiter character \\
+	\param{name}	& a token delimited by space, equivalent to
+					  \param{ccc<space>} or \param{ccc<eol>} \\
+	\hline\hline
+	\end{tabular}
+  \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Glossary notation}
+
+The glossary entries for each word set are listed in the standard
+ASCII collating sequence. Each glossary entry specifies an ANS
+Forth word and consists of two parts:
+an \emph{index line} and the \emph{semantic description} of the
+definition.
+
+\subsubsection{Glossary index line}
+
+The index line is a single-line entry containing, from left to right:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Section number, the last four digits of which assign a
+	unique sequential number to all words included in this Standard;
+
+\item \textbf{DEFINITION-NAME} in upper-case, mono-spaced,
+	bold-face letters;
+
+\item Natural-language pronunciation in quotes if it differs from English;
+
+\item Word-set designator from table \ref{table:wordsets}.
+	The designation for extensions word sets includes ``EXT''.
+
+\item \textsf{Extension designator} in sans-serif font under the
+	Word-set designator for words which have been added to the
+	Standard via the named extension.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{table}[ht]
+  \begin{center}
+	\caption{Word set designators}
+	\label{table:wordsets}
+	\begin{tabular}{lr}
+	\hline\hline
+	Word set & Designator \\
+	\hline
+	Core word set				& CORE		\\
+	Block word set				& BLOCK		\\
+	Double-Number word set		& DOUBLE	\\
+	Exception word set			& EXCEPTION	\\
+	Facility word set			& FACILITY	\\
+	File-Access word set		& FILE		\\
+	Floating-Point word set		& FLOATING	\\
+	Locals word set				& LOCALS	\\
+	Memory-Allocation word set	& MEMORY	\\
+	Programming-Tools word set	& TOOLS		\\
+	Search-Order word set		& SEARCH	\\
+	String-Handling word set	& STRING	\\
+	\hline\hline
+	\end{tabular}
+  \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsubsection{Glossary semantic description}
+
+The first paragraph of the semantic description contains a stack
+notation for each stack affected by execution of the word. The
+remaining paragraphs contain a text description of the semantics.
+See \xref[Semantics]{usage:semantics}.
+
+\section{References}
+
+The following national and international standards are referenced
+in this Standard:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item ANSI X3.172-1990 \textit{Dictionary for Information Systems},
+	(\xref[Definition of terms]{notation:terms});
+
+\item ANSI X3.4-1974 \textit{American Standard Code for Information
+	Interchange} (ASCII),
+	(\xref[Graphic characters]{usage:ASCII});
+
+\item ISO 646-1983 \textit{ISO 7-bit coded characterset for
+	information interchange, International Reference Version} (IRV)
+	(\xref[Graphic characters]{usage:ASCII})\footnote{Available from
+	the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
+	New York, NY 10036.};
+
+\item ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 \textit{Floating-point Standard},
+	(\xref[(12.2.1) Definition of terms]{float:terms}).
+\end{itemize}